Determination of strain and stress distribution on shearwalls by using the speckle photography technique

Speckle photography (SP) is a powerful tool that is adequate to determine small displacements in micrometer range. This information shows other characteristics of structure deformation under loads and can be determined as stress and strain distribution. In this paper we present the results of the application of the SP technique used to study the behaviour of discontinuities in a shearwall model. These structural elements are very important to the stability of buildings. The displacement whole field around the discontinuities and loading points was determined using the pointwise method. This allows us to determine stress distribution at the point of interest by means of the suitable equations. We also present the stress distribution obtained through the finite element method in order to compare the results obtained by means of these two techniques. Good correspondence was found between the displacements determined by both techniques (r=0.982) and also between the stress values we obtained.     

喷气Z-pinch高速扫描摄影技术研究

 叙述了高速摄影在阳加速器喷气Z-pinch实验中测量等离子体向心运动时的应用，用高速变像管扫描相机首次拍摄到阳加速器喷气负载为氖气状态下产生等离子体压缩过程的扫描像，该扫描像的时间分辨本领很高,可以观察到等离子体内爆压缩阶段整个过程，测得了该过程的直径随时间连续变化曲线。     

一个新型的水下实况微光高速电视记录系统

介绍了一个新型的水下实况微光高速电视记录系统在船上或岸上使用该系统的控制系统,可对该系统的水下成像系统进行远程控制,并通过该水下成像系统得到水下运动目标的水下常速电视图像、水下高速电视图像和水下微光高速电视图像该系统的工作水深可达水下50m.     

An experimental study of impact-induced failure events in homogeneous layered materials using dynamic photoelasticity and high-speed photography

The generation and the subsequent evolution of dynamic failure events in homogeneous layered materials that occur within microseconds after impact were investigated experimentally. Tested configurations include three-layer and two-layer, bonded Homalite specimens featuring different bonding strengths. High-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity were utilized to study the nature, sequence and interaction of failure modes. A series of complex failure modes was observed. In most cases, and at the early stages of the impact event, intra-layer failure (or bulk matrix failure) appeared in the form of cracks radiating from the impact point. These cracks were opening-dominated and their speeds were less than the crack branching speed of the Homalite. Subsequent crack branching in several forms was also observed. Mixed-mode inter-layer cracking (or interfacial debonding) was initiated when the intra-layer cracks approached the interface with a large incident angle. The dynamic interaction between inter-layer crack formation and intra-layer crack growth (or the so-called “Cook–Gordon Mechanism”) was visualized for the first time. Interfacial bonding played a significant role in impact damage spreading. Cracks arrested at weak bonds and the stress wave intensity was reduced dramatically by the use of a thin but ductile adhesive layer.     

The effect of brine salinity on water-in-oil emulsion stability through droplet size distribution analysis: A case study

Water-in-oil emulsion usually forms during waterflooding in some heavy oil reservoirs. The composition and salinity of the injected water critically affect the w/o emulsion droplet size distribution, which control the emulsion stability and emulsion flow in porous media. The aim of the present work is to assess the effect of different sea water salinities on w/o emulsion stability through microscopic imaging. Therefore, w/o emulsions were prepared with different sea water samples, which were synthesized to resemble Persian Gulf, Mediterranean, Red Sea, and North Sea water samples. The results showed that log-normal distribution function predicts very well the experimental data to track the emulsion droplet size distribution, and then it was used for the emulsion stability analysis. It was found that among the four emulsion samples, North Sea emulsion with the lowest NaCl and TDS concentration of 24.12?g/L and 34.44?g/L remained stable up to almost 24 hours, while Red sea emulsion with the highest NaCl and TDS concentration of 32.39?g/L and 41?g/L became unstable after 6-hour period. This indicated that as the brine concentration increases, the w/o emulsion droplets would be larger due to the higher rate of aggregation and coalescence, and the emulsion stability decreases.     

Burning velocity measurements of fluoropropanes by the spherical-vessel method

Burning velocity measurements of six types of fluoropropanes including structural isomers were carried out in order to understand the flammability of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). The burning velocity (S_u) was determined by applying a spherical flame model to the pressure rise during combustion, which was measured at room temperature and at initial pressures of 80-107 kPa over a wide range of HFC/air concentrations. The maximum S_u of 1-fluoropropane (HFC-281fa), 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea), 1,3-difluoropropane (HFC-272fa), 2,2-difluoropropane (HFC-272ca), 1,2,3-trifluoropropane (HFC-263ea), and 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb) was 35.0, 31.8, 31.9, 21.2, 25.7, and 14.5 cm s⁻¹, respectively. Note that the maximum S_u of HFC-263ea was appreciably higher than that of HFC-272ca, which shows the importance of the F-atom distribution, as well as of the F/H ratio in the HFC molecule. The results of equilibrium calculation for these HFCs showed that S_u is positively correlated with the flame temperature and the concentrations of the active chain carriers H and OH in the flame. We conducted a trial to interpret the magnitude of S_u by means of the effects of substituents for C₁-C₃ HFCs. As a result, it has been found that the order of inhibition efficiency for S_u decreases in the order of CF₃ > CF₂ > CF.     

红外图像高速实时存储系统设计

针对红外图像具有分辨率低、帧频高的特点,以及目标特性分析和图像处理算法验证需要完整、无损记录图像数据的要求,提出了一种高速数字图像传输记录系统方案。方案采用HOTLinkⅡ＋FPGA＋PCI的体系结构,数据通过同轴线从红外图像设备传输到图像记录设备的CYP15G0101芯片,实现了远距离的点到点可靠传输和解码。FPGA和PCI接口芯片对图像数据进行接收和缓冲,工控机软件通过调用PCI SDK提供的API函数实现对PCI接口芯片的初始化、控制和数据传输等操作,从而将图像数据按照预定的格式连续地写入物理上连续的硬盘存储空间,最终实现数据记录、回放和分析等功能。该方案已经成功应用于某型红外图像记录设备并经过长时间测试,记录时间、漏记率等指标和回放等功能均满足研制要求。     

Determination of shock wave velocity from photographs obtained using a polarization interferometer

A polarization shear interferometer is described in which one of the two images of the flow being studied is produced outside the interference field and serves as a shadow pattern. This image is recorded again using an additional light source — a pulsed laser. In this way one can determine the shock wave velocity and establish, on the basis of gas-dynamic relationships, the proper numeration of the interference fringes on the interferogram.     

A study on spatially extended phase objects using speckle photography

We present an application of an improved speckle photography technique for spatially extended phase objects. A contour mapping of a thin lens displaying its phase variation is presented. A theoretical analysis is investigated followed by the experimental presentation. Reasonable interference fringes are obtained and compared with the fringes obtained for hot air. The phase information of the object is extracted using the point-by-point technique.     

水基型光学高速精磨冷却液的化学作用

本文介绍的是以丙三醇－三乙醇胺－水与基本组份，并添加适量的硫酸铝钾盐，ＥＤＴＡ二钠盐为澄清、沉淀剂的水基型光学玻璃高速精磨冷却液的化学作用，它不仅冷却、清洗和润滑性能好，且具有良好的化学作用；不仅对金刚石磨具的“自锐”性能好，且能保持冷却液和磨具表面清洁，为此，进一步提高了冷却液和磨具的使用性能和使用寿命，以及光学玻璃零件加工的效率和表面质量。